Indirect and Direct Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech Direct Speech : is saying exactly someone has said. It appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be for word. Direct speech repeats,or quotes,the exact words spoken . When we use direct speech in writing,we put the words spoken between inverted commas and there no change in these word. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW,or telling someone later about a previous conversation. con Indirect Speech : is enclosing what the person said. It doesn't use quotation marks and doesn't have to be for word. Indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past. When we use indirect speech, we don't use inverted commas. We should change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs for example say,ask,and we may use the word that to introduce the reported words. RULES There are rules in converting to indirect speech. The tense ussually has change because when we use reported speech,we are ussually talking about a time in the past ( obviouxly who spoke originally spoke in past ) 1.tense change No Direct Speech Indirect Speech 01 Simple Present Simple Past 02 Present Continuous Past Continuous 03 Present Future Past Future 04 Present Perfect Past Perfect 05 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous 06 Simple Past Past Perfect 07 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous OR No Direct Speech Indirect Speech 01 V1 (eat) V2 (ate) 02 V2 (ate) Had + V3 (had eaten) 03 Am/is/are Was/were 04 Do/does Did 05 Do/does not Did not 06 Did not Had not + V3 07 Was/were Had been 08 Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-ing 09 Was/were +V-ing Had been + V-ing 10 Has/have + V3 Had + V3 11 Will/shall/can/may/must Would/should/could/might/had to 12 Could/might/should/would + V1/be Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been 2.modal change Direct Speech Indirect Speech Will She said, “I will teach English.” Would She said she would teach English. Can She said, "I can teach English online." Could She said she could teach English. Must She said, "I must teach English." Had to She said she had to teach English. 3.TIME CHANGE Time in Direct Speech Time in Indirect Speech this (morning/noon/evening) that (morning/noon/evening) today yesterday these (days) those (days) now then (a week/ a month/ a year) ago (a week/ a month/ a year) before last weekend the weekend before last/ the previous weekend here there next (week/month/year) the following (week/month/year) tomorrow the next/following day Direct and Indirect Speech devided into 3 parts : 1. Statement He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow” He said that they would go to Singapore the next day. Bob said, ” I’m a university student” Bob said that he was a university student. 2. Command He told me, “wait for me !” He told me to wait for him. She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !” She told me not to cheat anymore. 3. Question Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?” Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her. Mixed type: Examples: Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale” Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale. EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH : 1. D : He says to her friend, " I have been reading " I : She says to her friend that he has been reading 2. D : He will say, " The girl wasn't ugly " I : He will tell them that the girl wasn't ugly 3. D : Willy said, " I'm very sleepy " I : Willy said that he was very sleepy 4. D : She has told you, " I am writing " I : She has told you that she is writing 5. D : Mother said to her son, " study hard " I : Mother adviced her son to study hard